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Assessment of pesticide content in agricultural soils of the South Moravian Region
Mádrová, Anna ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of pesticides in soil. It evaluates the concentration levels of pesticide residues in agricultural soils in the South Moravian Region in 2015-2021. Pesticide residues were monitored as a part of the Basal Soil Monitoring System, the concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The monitoring is performed by the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture (ÚKZÚZ), which also provided all the data for this work. The most frequently detected substances were selected for evaluation – 2-hydroxyatrazine, boscalid, diflufenican, dimoxystrobin, epoxiconazole, prochloraz, tebuconazole and terbutylazine-2-hydroxy. The highest concentration was measured for boscalid. Epoxyconazole was the most frequently detected substance. The concentrations of pesticide residues found in soils of the South Moravian Region are several times lower compared to the Zlín Region and the Vysočina Region.
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Control of important pests in potato
VLKOVÁ, Vendula
This thesis is focused on the influence of the application of plant protection products in potato growing systems. The use of plant protection products is these days an important issue that needs to be further solved. Product requirements are constantly changing and tightening up. As with other crops, the protection of potato crops against harmful factors cannot be underestimated. In the literature review, this work deals with the description of harmful factors that may affect tuberous potato crops, methods of protection, the use of plant protection products, as well as the application of integrated protection procedures in potato growing systems. The main part of the work consists of monitoring the monitored potato stand, its comprehensive evaluation, description of the land, agricultural technology and methods of regulation of harmful factors on the monitored land. As part of the evaluation itself, the effectiveness of two insecticidal plant protection products against potato beetle, one biological product and one chemical product was compared and evaluated.
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Methodology for assessing the effect of sublethal doses of pesticides on solitary bees employing the OMICs approach
Erban, Tomáš ; Shcherbachenko, Elena ; Šlachta, Martin ; Cudlín, Pavel ; Chalupníková, Julie ; Halešová, Taťána ; Tomešová, Daniela ; Václavíková, Marta ; Votavová, Alena
Pollinators are potentially exposed to a number of pesticides in the environment. The most important group of hazardous substances comes from the category of plant protection products (PPPs), which are applied not only by farmers but also by small gardeners. Each PPP including the active substance and formulation undergoes a very detailed and thorough evaluation, which is in the European Union (EU) based on Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Although the negative effects of PPPs on the environment and non-target organisms are minimized with proper use, we cannot rule out possible hidden effects, especially those of a sublethal nature. Modern analytical approaches, such as the application of high-throughput methods, help to identify hidden side effects. This methodology is focused on the evaluation of the effect of sublethal doses of pesticides on solitary bees employing the OMICs approach. In the risk assessment of pesticides, the honey bee has long been preferred as a model species of pollinator, while solitary bees stay in the background. The methodology contains innovative aspects for experiments, such as a modified isolator, preparation of plants for exposure, the timing of the experiment, monitoring of active substance distribution or proteomic analysis of solitary bees to identify hidden effects of the test substance or its formulation. In this methodology, the model of the solitary bee, red mason bee (Osmia bicornis), is considered. However, the methodology is also applicable to other, especially related species of solitary bees. The methodology can be used in areas of state administration, private laboratories and research activities in the assessment of environmental risks of pesticides on solitary bees. The methodological procedure can confirm or even eliminate environmental risks when registering new products or reevaluating existing products. This methodology therefore has the potential for use in testing new substances intended for plant protection before their registration. In an exemplary embodiment, the effect of acetamiprid in a Careo sticks formulation was tested. The distribution of acetamiprid in the soil substrate and the plant was evaluated. The hazardous metabolite acetamiprid IM-2-1 was identified in plant tissues. However, proteomic analysis indicated a very low risk of acetamiprid for O. bicornis. This result is in agreement with the fact that acetamiprid has been assessed by EFSA to be a low risk for bees and is registered in the EU until 28 February 2033.
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Common agriculture policy (chosen aspects)
Zhoř, Radim ; Sato, Alexej (advisor) ; Polívka, František (referee)
This thesis deals with imports of parallel plant protection products for commercial use from member states of EU to Czech republic. Because these products are chemical based, trading with them is thus stricktly regulated and controlled. This thesis provides clear and comprehensible procedure for application for authorizing a parallel import and as such represents a practical guideline for a potencial dealer/importer with a theoretical insight of the problem.
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